Overview of Greek Syntax

From 195c9b33a3032706a39c4220776b20178ed2f977 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ben Linskey Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2013 15:27:01 -0500 Subject: Add basic project framework and resources. --- xml/Perseus_text_1999.04.0052.xml | 694 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 694 insertions(+) create mode 100644 xml/Perseus_text_1999.04.0052.xml (limited to 'xml/Perseus_text_1999.04.0052.xml') diff --git a/xml/Perseus_text_1999.04.0052.xml b/xml/Perseus_text_1999.04.0052.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d567e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/xml/Perseus_text_1999.04.0052.xml @@ -0,0 +1,694 @@ + + + + + +Overview of Greek Syntax +Jeffrey A. Rydberg-Cox +Perseus Project, Tufts University + Gregory Crane + + Prepared under the supervision of + Lisa Cerrato + William Merrill + Elli Mylonas + David Smith + + +About 120Kb + + Trustees of Tufts University + Medford, MA + Perseus Project + +

This text may be freely distributed, subject to the following + restrictions:

+ + You credit Perseus, as follows, whenever you use the document: + Text provided by Perseus Digital Library. Original version available for viewing and download at http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/. + + You leave this availability statement intact. + You use it for non-commercial purposes only. + You offer Perseus any modifications you make. + + + + + +Overview of Greek Syntax +Jeffrey A. Rydberg-Cox +2000 +Text created electronically + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +English +Greek +German +Latin> + + + 7-Nov-00 +Anne Mahoneyed. + +$Log: gksyn.xml,v $ +Revision 1.1 2009-12-08 20:46:34 rsingh04 +moved more xml files around based on copyright status. renamed terence files to follow the abbreviations and split up minora_lat.xml into separate files + +Revision 1.5 2009/08/25 19:51:33 rsingh04 +changed bibls with Perseus:abo to corresponding abbreviation + +Revision 1.4 2009/07/29 18:45:30 student +fixed bibl error - zr + +Revision 1.3 2009/06/19 17:14:26 rsingh04 +fixed refs to smyth so they will actually work + +Revision 1.2 2005/08/16 17:18:03 packel +ARRGGH item tags + +Revision 1.1 2005/07/25 15:04:06 packel +Converted to XML + +Revision 1.3 2005/07/01 14:31:22 mimno +new XML versions + +Revision 1.2 2000/11/12 18:43:56 amahoney +fix references to Smyth: put one section in n attribute, list of +sections in visible text + +Revision 1.1 2000/11/07 19:25:51 amahoney +finally, this widely-cited document is in the hopper + + + + + + + + + + +Nouns, Adjectives, and Pronouns + +Nominative +

Used as the subject, predicate object, or independently in titles. + + +

Subject: Serves as the subject of a finite verb. Smyth 938-939

tau=ta oi( ai(retoi\ a)gge/llousi toi=s stratiw/tais Xen. Anab. 1.2.3; The delegates report these things to the soldiers +

Predicate: The predicate object of verbs such as ei)mi/ and gi/gnomai Smyth 939

*kle/arxos fuga\s h)=n Xen. Anab. 1. 1. 9; Clearchus was an exile +

Independent: Standing independently describing titles or names. Smyth 940-942

prosei/lhfe th\n tw=n ponhrw=n koinh\n e)pwnumi/an sukofa/nths Aeschin. 2.99; he -- the syncophant -- received the common appellation of the vile

+ +

+ +Genitive +

1. limits the meaning of a noun

2. expresses the idea of source or separation.

These relationships can be expressed by the English prepositions of or from. + + +

Possession: Denotes possession or ownership Smyth 1297-1302

o( *ku/rou sto/los Xen. Anab. 1.2.5; the expedition of Cyrus +

Partitive: Denotes the general class to which a specific noun belongs. Smyth 1306-1319

oi( a)/poroi tw=n politw=n Dem. 18.104; the needy among the citizens +

Quality: Denotes the quality of a person or thing. Used mainly as a predicate. Smyth 1320-1321

oi( de/ tines th=s au)th=s gnw/mhs o)li/goi kate/fugon Thuc. 3.70; but some few of the same opinion fled +

Explanation: Denotes the specific class to which a general noun belongs. Smyth 1322

a)/ellai pantoi/wn a)ne/mwn Hom. Od. 5.292; blasts of wind of every sort +

Material: Denotes the composition or contents of a noun. Smyth 1323-1324

e(cako/sia ta/lanta fo/rou Thuc. 2.13; six hundred talents in taxes +

Measure: Denotes the extent in space or time of a noun. Smyth 1325-1327

o)ktw\ stadi/wn tei=xos Thuc. 7.2; a wall eight stades long +

Subjective: Denotes the subject of a verbal adjective expressed by a noun, usually with an active sense. Smyth 1330

tw=n barba/rwn fo/bos Xen. Anab. 1.2.17; the fear of the barbarians (which they feel: oi( ba/rbaroi fobou=ntai) +

Objective: Denotes the object of a verbal action expressed by a noun, usually with a passive sense. Smyth 1331-1335

fo/bos tw=n *ei(lw/twn Thuc. 3.54 the fear of the Helots (felt towards them: fobou=ntai tou\s *ei(/lwtas）

Price or Value: Denotes the price or value of an object Smyth 1336-1337

xili/wn draxmw=n di/khn feu/gw Dem. 55.25; I am defendant in an action involving a thousand drachma +

With Certain Verbs: The genitive is used as the object verbs that denote sharing, touching, beginning, aiming at, obtaining, smelling, remembering, hearing, perceiving, filing, ruling, differing, commanding, etc. Smyth 1341-1371

th=s qala/tths e)kra/tei Plat. Menex. 239e; he was master of the sea +

Charge: Denotes the crime with verbs of charging, summoning, and convicting. Smyth 1375-1379

e)me\ o( *me/lhtos a)sebei/as e)gra/yato Plat. Euthyph. 5c; Meletus prosecuted me for impiety +

Separation: The genitive expresses the ideas of separation with verbs denoting to cease, be apart from, want, lack, etc. Smyth 1392-1400

lh/gein tw=n po/nwn Isoc. 1.14; to cease from toil +

Comparison: Denotes the person or thing being compared when used with comparative adjectives, comparative adverbs or verbs expressing the idea of comparison. Smyth 1401-1404

a)/rxwn a)gaqo\s ou)de\n diafe/rei patro\s a)gaqou= Xen. Cyrop. 8.1.1; a good ruler differs in no respect from a good father +

Cause: The genitive expresses cause with verbs denoting wonder, admiration, anger, etc. Smyth 1405-1407

to\n ce/non di/kaion ai)ne/sai proqumi/as Eur. IA 1371; it is right to praise the stranger for his zeal +

Source: The genitive expresses the idea of source. Smyth 1410-1411

pi/qwn h)fu/sseto oi)=nos Hom. Od. 23.305; wine was broached from the casks +

Time or Place within which: The genitive denotes the time or place within which an event happens. Smyth 1444-1449

w)/|xeto th=s nukto/s Xen. Anab. 7.2.17; he departed during the night +

Agency: The genitive with u(po/ expresses the agent of a passive verb. Smyth 1491

perierrei=to d' au(/th u(po\ tou= *ma/ska ku/klw| Xen. Anab. 1.5.4; And this was encircled by the Mascas +

Purpose: The genitive articular infinitive can express purpose. Smyth 1408-1409

tou= mh\ ta\ di/kaia poiei=n Dem. 18.107; in order not to do what was just

+ +

+ +Dative +

1. Used as the indirect object.

2. Expresses how or with what something is done.

3. Expresses relationships of place where and time when.

These relationships can be expressed by the English prepositions to or for, with or by, and in or at. + + +

Indirect Object: Used as the indirect object of a verb. Smyth 1469-1470

*ku=ros di/dwsin au)tw=| e(\c mhnw=n misqo/n Xen. Anab. 1.1.10; Cyrus gives pay for six months to him +

Possessor: Denotes possession with verbs such as gi/gnomai and ei)mi/. Smyth 1476-1480

a)/llois me\n xrh/mata/ e)sti, h(mi=n de\ cu/mmaxoi a)gaqoi/ Thuc. 1.86; others have riches, we have good allies +

Advantage or Disadvantage: Describes the person or thing for (or against) whom an action is done. Smyth 1481-1486

a)/llw| o( toiou=tos ploutei=, kai\ ou)x e(autw=| Plat. Menex. 246e; such a man is rich for another, and not for himself +

Ethical: A dative personal pronoun denotes the interest of the speaker or the one being spoken to in the action of a statement. Smyth 1486-1487

toiou=to u(mi=n e)sti h( turanni/s Hdt. 5.92; such a thing, you know, is despotism +

Agent: Denotes agency with either verbal adjectives ending in -te/os or passive verbs in the perfect or pluperfect tenses. Smyth 1488-1494

tosau=ta/ moi ei)rh/sqw Lys. 24.4; let so much have been said by me +

Attendant Circumstance: Denotes the manner in which an action takes place. Smyth 1527

pollh=| boh=| prose/keinto Thuc. 4.127; they attacked with loud shouts +

Respect: Denotes the respect or attendant circumstance in which an action is true. Smyth 1516

a)sqenh\s tw=| sw/mati Dem. 21.165; weak in body +

Means: Denotes the means with which something is done. Smyth 1507-1511

e)zhmi/wsan xrh/masin Thuc. 2.65; they punished him by a fine +

Degree of Difference: Denotes the degree of difference with words containing an idea of comparison. Smyth 1513-1515

ou) pollai=s h(me/rais u(/steron h)=lqen Xen. Hell. 1.1.1; he arrived not many days later +

Accompaniment: Denotes accompaniment, frequently with the preposition su/n. Most common in military situations. Smyth 1524-1525

a)kolouqei=n tw=| h(goume/nw| Plat. Rep. 474c; to follow the leader +

Time When: Denotes the point of time when an action takes place. Smyth 1540-1543

tau/thn me\n th\n h(me/ran au)tou= e)/meinan, th=| de\ u(sterai/a| ktl Xen. Hell. 1.1.14-14; . throughout that day they waited there, but on the day following, etc. +

Place Where: Denotes the place where an action takes place. Most common in poetry. Smyth 1530-1538

gh=| e)/keito Soph. OT 1266; she lay on the ground +

With compound verbs: The dative is used as the direct object of many verbs compounded with the prepositions e)n, su/n, and e)pi/ and less frequently with the prepositions pro/s, para/, peri/, and u(po/. Smyth 1544-1550

e)lpi/das e)mpoiei=n a)nqrw/pois Xen. Cyrop. 1.6.19; to create expectations in men

+ +

+ +Accusative +

Used as the direct object of a verb, or to communicate relationships of motion, space, or time. + + +

Direct Object: Used as the direct object of a transitive verb. Smyth 1553-1555

to\n a)/ndra o(rw= Xen. Anab. 1.8.26; I see the man +

Cognate: Repeats the sense of the verb in the form of a verbal noun. Smyth 1563-1577

th\n e)n *salami=ni naumaxi/an naumaxh/santes Dem. 59.97; victorious in the sea-fight at Salamis +

Subject of the Infinitive: Used as the subject of an infinitive. Smyth 1972-1981

to\n ga\r kalo\n ka)gaqo\n a)/ndra eu)dai/mona ei)=nai/ fhmi Plat. Gorg. 470e; for I maintain that the noble and good man is happy +

Specification or Respect: Limits the scope of a verb or an adjective. Smyth 1600-1605

tuflo\s ta/ t' w)=ta to/n te nou=n ta/ t' o)/mmat' ei)= Soph. OT 371; you are blind in ears, and mind, and eyes +

Extent of Space: Describes the space over which an action takes place. Smyth 1581

a)/gein （stratia\n） stena\s o(dou/s Xen. Cyrop. 1.6.43 to lead an army over narrow roads +

Extent of Time: Describes the length of time of an action. Smyth 1582-1585

cummaxi/an e)poih/santo e(kato\n e)/th Thuc. 3.114; they made an alliance for a hundred years +

End of Motion: Describes the motion towards something with prepositions. In poetry, the preposition may be omitted. Smyth 1588-1589

pe/myome/n nin *(ella/da Eur. Tro. 883; we will convey her to Greece +

Adverbial: The accusative may serve as an adverb. Smyth 1606-1611

e)/plee pro/fasin e)p' *(ellhspo/ntou Hdt. 5.33; he sailed professedly for the Hellespont +

Oaths: Used with verbs of swearing and the particles nh/ and ma/ Smyth 1596

o)mnu/w u(mi=n qeou\s pa/ntas kai\ pa/sas Xen. Anab. 6.1.31; I swear to you by all the gods and goddesses. +

Double Accusative: Many verbs take two accusatives, one of the person affected, the other of the thing. Smyth 1619-1635

o( po/lemos a)ei/mnhston paidei/an au)tou\s e)pai/deuse Aeschin. 3.148; the war taught them a lesson they will hold in everlasting remembrance +

Predicate Accusative: Verbs of naming, appointing, considering take a second accusative as a predicate of the direct object. Smyth 1613-1618

strathgo\n au)to\n a)pe/deice Xen. Anab. 1.1.2; he appointed him general

+ +

+ +Vocative +

Used for exclamations and emphatic address. + + +

Exclamations: The vocative is used in exclamations Smyth 1283-1288

w)= *zeu= kai\ qeoi/ Plat. Prot. 310d; oh Zeus and ye gods +

Emphatic address: The vocative is used for emphatic addresses. Smyth 1283-1288

a)kou/eis *ai)sxi/nh; Dem. 18.121 do you hear, Aeschines?

+ +

+ +Verbs: Tense + +Present +

The present tense denotes an action in the present time with continuing aspect. + + +

Specific Present: The present denotes an action in progress at the present time. Smyth 1875-1876

a)lhqh= le/gw Lys. 13.72; I am telling the truth +

Gnomic Present: The present can denote a general truth. Smyth 1877

a)/gei de\ pro\s fw=s th\n a)lh/qeian xro/nos Men. Sent. 11 time brings the truth to light

Historical Present: The present may be used in narrative to present a more vivid picture of an action. Smyth 1883-1884

o( de\ *qemistoklh=s feu/gei e)s *ke/rkuran . . . diakomi/zetai e)s th\n h)/peiron Thuc. 1.136 Themistocles fled (flees) to Corcyra . . . was (is) transported to the mainland +

Present Simple Conditions: The present or perfect indicative stands in the protasis of present simple conditions. The present or perfect indicative stands in the apodosis. Smyth 2298-2301

ei) ou)=n bou/lesqe, e)/cestin u(mi=n h(ma=s labei=n cumma/xous Xen. Anab. 5.4.6; If you wish, you can take us as allies +

Present General Conditions: The subjunctive with e)a/n stands in the protasis of present general conditions. The present indicative stands in the apodosis Smyth 2337-2339

a)dikou=nta, h)\n la/bh|s, kola/zeis; Xen. Cyrop. 3.1.11; Do you punish a wrong-doer if you catch him? +

+ +

+ +Perfect +

The perfect denotes present time and completed aspect. + + +

Specific Perfect: The perfect denotes a completed action in the present time. Smyth 1945

ta\s po/leis au)tw=n parh/|rhtai Dem. 9.26; he has taken away (and still holds) their cities +

Gnomic Perfect: The perfect can denote a general truth. Smyth 1948

h( a)taci/a pollou\s h)/dh a)polw/leken Xen. Anab. 3.1.38; lack of discipline already has been the ruin of many +

Present Simple Conditions: The present or perfect indicative stands in the protasis of present simple conditions. The present or perfect indicative stands in the apodosis. Smyth 2298-2301

ei) ou)=n bou/lesqe, e)/cestin u(mi=n h(ma=s labei=n cumma/xous Xen. Anab. 5.4.6; If you wish, you can take us as allies +

+ +

+ +Pluperfect +

The pluperfect expresses past time and completed aspect. + + +

Specific Pluperfect: The pluperfect expresses a completed action in past time. Smyth 1952

e)bebouleu/mhn I had (was) resolved

Past Simple Conditions: The imperfect, aorist, or pluperfect indicative stands in the protasis and apodosis of past simple conditions. Smyth 2298-2301

ei)/ te/ ti a)/llo . . . e)ge/neto e)piki/ndunon toi=s *(/ellhsi, pa/ntwn . . . mete/sxomen Thuc. 3.54; and if any other danger befell the Greeks, we took our share in all +

+ +

+ +Imperfect +

The imperfect expresses past time and continuing aspect. + + +

Specific Imperfect: The imperfect denotes an action that is continuing in a past time or is still incomplete in the present. Smyth 1889-1892

die/fqeiran *)aqhnai/wn pi/nte kai\ ei)/kosi oi(\ cunepoliorkou=nto Thuc. 3.68; they put to death twenty-five of the Athenians who were besieged (i.e. from the beginning to the end of the siege) +

Conative Imperfect: The imperfect can denote an action that was attempted in a past time. Smyth 1895

*qhbai=oi katedoulou=nt' au)tou/s Dem. 8.74; the Thebans tried to enslave them +

Iterative Imperfect: The imperfect can denote a repeated action in past time when accompanied by a)/n. Smyth 1893-1894

e)pequ/mei a)/n tis e)/ti plei/w au)tou= a)kou/ein Xen. Cyrop. 1.4.3; people would (used to) desire to hear still more from him +

Present Contrafactual Conditions: The imperfect indicative stands in the protasis of present contrafactual conditions. The imperfect indicative with a)/n stands in the apodosis. Smyth 2302-2312

ei) ga\r e)kh/dou, h(=kes a)\n fe/rwn plh/rh to\n misqo\n Xen. Anab. 7.5.5; If you were troubled, you would have come with full pay +

Past Contrafactual Condition: The aorist or imperfect indicative stands in the protasis of past contrafactual conditions. The aorist or imperfect indicative with a)/n stands in the apodosis. Smyth 2302-2312

ou)k a)\n e)poi/hsen *)agasi/as tau=ta, ei) mh\ e)gw\ au)to\n e)ke/leusa Xen. Anab. 6.6.15; Agasias would not have done this, if I had not commanded him +

Past Simple Conditions: The imperfect, aorist, or pluperfect indicative stands in the protasis and apodosis of past simple conditions. Smyth 2298-2301

ei)/ te/ ti a)/llo . . . e)ge/neto e)piki/ndunon toi=s *(/ellhsi, pa/ntwn . . . mete/sxomen Thuc. 3.54; and if any other danger befell the Greeks, we took our share in all +

Past General Conditions: The optative with ei) stands in the protasis of past general conditions. The imperfect indicative stands in the apodosis. Smyth 2340-2341

ei) de/ tis kai\ a)ntei/poi, eu)qu\s . . . e)teqnh/kei Thuc. 8.66; but if any one even made an objection, he was promptly put to death +

+ +

+ +Aorist +

The aorist expresses past time and simple aspect. + + +

Specific Aorist: The aorist denotes a simple action in the past. Smyth 1923-1930

e)ni/khsan oi( *kerkurai=oi kai\ nau=s pe/nte kai\ de/ka die/fqeiran Thuc. 1.29; the Corcyraeans were victorious and destroyed fifteen ships +

Gnomic Aorist: The aorist can express a general truth and, in this case, should be translated as a present. Smyth 1931-1932

ka/llos me\n ga\r h)\ xro/nos a)nh/lwsen h)\ no/sos e)ma/rane Isoc. 1.6; for beauty is either wasted by time or withered by disease +

Iterative Aorist: The aorist can indicate repeated action in past time when accompanied by a)/n. Smyth 1933

ei)=pen a)/n Xen. Cyrop. 7.1.14 he used to say +

ou)k a)\n e)poi/hsen *)agasi/as tau=ta, ei) mh\ e)gw\ au)to\n e)ke/leusa Xen. Anab. 6.6.15; Agasias would not have done this, if I had not commanded him +

Past Simple Conditions: The imperfect, aorist, or pluperfect indicative stands in the protasis and apodosis of past simple conditions. Smyth 2298-2301

ei)/ te/ ti a)/llo . . . e)ge/neto e)piki/ndunon toi=s *(/ellhsi, pa/ntwn . . . mete/sxomen Thuc. 3.54; and if any other danger befell the Greeks, we took our share in all +

+ +

+ +Future +

The future expresses future time with either simple or continuing aspect. + + +

Specific Future: The future denotes an action that will take place at a future time. Smyth 1910-1913

lh/yetai misqo\n ta/lanton Xen. Anab. 2.2.20; he shall receive a talent as his reward +

Jussive Future: The future can denote a command, much like the imperative. Smyth 1917-1922

w(\s ou)=n poih/sete Plat. Prot. 338a; you will do thus +

Gnomic Future: The future can express a general truth and, in this case, should be translated as a present. Smyth 1914

Plat. Rep. 603e a)nh\r e)pieikh\s ui(o\n a)pole/sas r(a=|sta oi)/sei tw=n a)/llwn a reasonable man, if he loses a son, will (is expected to) bear it more easily than other men +

Future More Vivid Conditions: The subjunctive with e)a/n stands in the protasis of future more vivid conditions. The future indicative stands in the apodosis. Smyth 2323-2327

ti/ e)/stai toi=s stratiw/tais, e)a\n au)tw=| tau=ta xari/swntai Xen. Anab. 2.1.10; What will the soldiers have, if they oblige him in this? +

Future Most Vivid Conditions: The future indicative stands in the protasis and apodosis of future most vivid conditions. Smyth 2328

a)poktenei=s ga/r, ei)/ me gh=s e)/cw balei=s Eur. Phoen. 1621; for you will slay me if you cast me out of the land +

+ +

+ +Future Perfect +

The future perfect expresses future time and completed aspect. + + +

Specific Future Perfect: The future perfect denotes a completed action in some future time. Smyth 1955-1958

h( qu/ra keklh/setai Aristoph. Lys. 1071; the door will be kept shut +

+ +

+ +Verbs: Voice + +Active Voice +

The active voice denotes that the subject is the agent of an action. + + +

Transitive: A transitive verb expresses an immediate impact on its object. The object is defined the accusative. Smyth 1705-1706 +

Intransitive: An intransitive verb has an indirect impact on an object. The object can be 1) the subject, 2) defined by an oblique case, or 3) defined by a prepositional phrase. Smyth 1707-1710

+ +

+ +Middle Voice +

The middle voice denotes that the subject is both an agent of an action and somehow concerned with the action. + + +

Direct Reflexive: A direct reflexive middle denotes the idea of self as a direct object. Smyth 1717-1718

dei/sas mh/ e)f' a(rpagh\n tra/poito to\ stra/teuma Xen. Anab. 7.1.18; Fearing lest the army might betake itself to plunder. +

Indirect Reflexive: An indirect reflexive middle denotes the idea of self as an indirect object. Smyth 1719-1722

me/nein te au)to\n e)ke/leue kai\ su/ndeipnon e)poih/sato Xen. Anab. 2.5.27; He invited him to remain and made him his guest.

+ +

+ +Passive Voice +

The passive voice denotes that the subject is acted upon. +

+ +Verbs: Mood + +Indicative +

The indicative mood expresses simple statements or questions of fact. + + +

Specific Indicative: The Indicative mood is used to express a fact or to ask a question anticipating a fact. Smyth 1770-1773

e)ntau=q' e)/meinen h(me/ras pe/nte Xen. Anab. 1.2.11; He remained there for five days +

In Purpose or Final Clauses: The future indicative can be used in place of the subjunctive or optative in purpose clauses (Most common in poetry). Smyth 2203

ou)de\ di' e(\n a)/llo tre/fontai h)\ o(/pws maxou=ntai Xen. Cyrop. 2.1.21; nor are they maintained for any other single purpose than for fighting +

In Object Clauses of Effort: The future indicative can be used in object clauses introduced by o(/pws or o(/pws mh/ following verbs that signify attempting or planning. Smyth 2209-2211

e)/prasson o(/pws tis boh/qeia h(/cei Thuc. 3.4 they were managing (this, that) how some reinforcements should come +

In Fear Clauses: The future indicative can sometimes be used in place of the subjunctive in object clauses introduced by o(/pws mh/ following verbs that signify fear of something in the future. The indicative is also used in clauses that signify fear of something in the present or the past. Smyth 2231

Dem. 9.75 de/doika o(/pws mh\ . . . a)na/gkh genh/setai （v. l. ge/nhtai） I fear lest a necessity may arise +

In Causal Clauses: The indicative is used in causal clauses expressing a factual cause after both primary and secondary tenses. The negative is ou). Causal clauses are introduced by o(/ti, dio/ti, dio/per, e)pei/, e)peidh/, o(/te, o(po/te and w(s. Smyth 2240-2242

e)pei\ de\ u(mei=s ou) bou/lesqe sumporeu/esqai, a)na/gkh dh/ moi h)\ u(ma=s prodo/nta th=| *ku/rou fili/a| xrh=sqai ktl. Xen. Anab. 1.3.5; but since you do not wish to continue the march with me, I must either retain the friendship of Cyrus by renouncing you, etc. +

In Consecutive or Result Clauses: A result clause introduced by w(/ste expressing the idea of an actual result is expressed by the indicative. Smyth 2274-2278

ou(/tw dia/keimai u(f' u(mw=n w(ste ou)de\ dei=pnon e)/xw e)n th=| e)mautou= xw/ra| Xen. Hell. 4.1.33; I am treated by you in such a manner that I cannot even sup in my own country +

In Temporal Clauses: The indicative is used in temporal clauses to denote a factual occurrence on a definite occasion in the present or the past. The negative is ou). Smyth 2395-2397

o(/te tau=ta h)=n, sxedo\n me/sai h)=san nu/ktes Xen. Anab. 3.1.33; it was about midnight when this was taking place +

In Indirect Discourse: The indicative is used in indirect discourse introduced by o(/ti or w(s following a verb in primary sequence. The indicative may also be retained following a verb in secondary sequence. Smyth 2614-2615

le/gei d' w(s u(bristh/s ei)mi Lys. 24.15; he says that I am an insolent person +